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TAF
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Terminal Area Forecast.
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TARMAC
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(1) A bituminous material used in
paving of airport surface or runway. A trade
name for this substance is Tar MacAdam.
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TAS
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True Airspeed. Because an airspeed
indicator indicates true airspeed only
under standard sea-level conditions, true
airspeed is usually calculated by
adjusting an Indicated Airspeed according
to temperature, density, and
pressure.
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TBO
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Time between overhauls, an engine manufacturer's recommended overhaul interval in hours, a rough and not guaranteed guide to life expectancy of an aero-engine before it will need overhaul.
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TCAS
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Traffic alert and collision avoidance system. U.S. developed radar-based airborne collision avoidance system operating independently of ground-based equipment. TCAS-I generates traffic advisories only, TCAS-II provides advisories and collision avoidance instructions in the vertical plane.
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TETRAHEDRON
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Ground-based, free-rotating, triangular-shaped wind direction indicator, genrally placed near a runway.
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THROUGH FLIGHTS
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One or more stops, but no change of aircraft
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THRUST
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The driving force of a propeller in the line of its shaft or the forward force produced in reaction to the gases expelled rearward from a jet or rocket engine. Opposite of Drag.
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TMA
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Terminal Control Area. An area of controlled airspace at the intersection of airways in the vicinity of control zones (CTRs) around major airports.
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TODA
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Take-off distance available. Also TODR, take-off distance required, and
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TORA |
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take-off run available.
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TORQUE
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A twisting, gyroscopic force acting in opposition to an axis of rotation, such as with a turning propeller.
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TOUCH-AND-GO
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Landing practice wherein an aircraft does not make a full stop after a landing, but proceeds immediately to another take-off.
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TRANSPONDER
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An airborne receiver/transmitter that responds to ground-based interrogation signals to provide air traffic controllers with more accurate and reliable position information than would be possible with "passive" radar; may also provide air traffic control with an aircraft's altitude.
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TRANSITION ALTITUDE (TA)
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Altitude in the vicinity of an aerodrome at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitude, i.e. with the aerodrome QNH set on its altimeter. Above transition altitude QNE is set and flight levels used. Also transition level (TL) at which a descending aircraft changes from FL to
QNH.
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TRUE AIRSPEED
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The speed of an aircraft along its flight path, in respect to the body of air (air mass) through which the aircraft is moving.
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TURBOJET
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An aircraft having a jet engine in which the energy of the jet operates a turbine that in turn operates the air compressor.
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TURBOPROP
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An aircraft having a jet engine in which the energy of the jet operates a turbine that drives the propeller.
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TURBULENCE |
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An air movement created by any number of different conditions, including atmospheric pressures, jet streams, mountain waves, cold or warm fronts, or thunderstorms. It may occur when the sky appears to be clear and can happen unexpectedly.
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UHF
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Ultra-high frequency. Radio frequencies in the 300-3,000 MHz band.
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UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE
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Class G Airspace; airspace not designated as Class A, B, C, D or E.
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UNDERSHOOT
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To land short of a runwway or planned landing spot.
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USEFUL LOAD
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The weight of crew, passengers, fuel, baggage, and ballast, generally excluding emergency or portable equipment and ordnance.
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V
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Velocity, now used in defining airspeeds:
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WAKE TURBULENCE
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Wingtip vortices generated behind a wing producing lift. Behind a large heavy aircraft they can be powerful enough to roll or even break up a smaller aircraft.
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WAT
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weight-and-temperature.
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WIND SHEAR
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localised change in wind speed and/or direction over a short distance, resulting in a tearing or shearing effect, usually at low altitude, that can cause a sudden loss of airspeed with occasionally disastrous results if encountered when taking-off or landing.
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Wx
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weather.
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